Selected Abstracts
Compiled
by D.S. Negi
G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643.
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Mao, A.A. 1999.
Notes on orchids of Senapati and surrounding hills in the state of Manipur,
India. J. Orchid Soc. India, 13(1-2): 55-58. Botanical Survey
of India, Eastern Circle, Shillong 793003, India. [FUEL-WOOD; ORCHID FLORA;
SHIFTING CULTIVATION]
The paper records 64 species
of orchids belonging to 27 genera from Senapati and its surrounding hills
in the state of Manipur. These include some of the rare and interesting
orchids, such as Ascocentrum miniatum (Lindl.) Schltr., Paphiopedilum
hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook.) Stein, Renanthera imschootiana
Rolfe, Schoenorchis fragrans Smith and Vanda coerulea Griffith
ex Lindl. from the area.
Mao, A.A. 2000. Dried-flowers
making - A potential cottage industry in north-east India.
The Indian
Forester, 126(12): 1342-1346. Botanical Survey of India, Shillong,
Meghalaya, India. [COTTAGE INDUSTRY; DRIED-FLOWERS]
North-East India is one
of the richest in plant diversity in India and harbours many flowering
plants throughout the seasons, which are excellent for making dried-flowers.
Dried-flowers making can be a potential small cottage industry for the
region. This paper presents for the first time a list of plants suitable
for dried-flowers making and the techniques of dried-flowers making.
Melkania, Uma and Bisht, N.S.
2000.
Identifying indicators for successful implementation of joint
forest management in Arunachal Pradesh. The Indian Forester,
126(5): 537-544. North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology,
Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh, India; State Forest Research Institute, Itanagar,
Arunachal Pradesh, India. [CONSERVATION; FOREST COVER; JOINT FOREST MANAGEMENT;
SOCIO-ECONOMIC]
Arunachal Pradesh joined
the JFM stream in October, 1997 by a resolution being passed by the State
Government. At present about 10 projects are being implemented under this
scheme in different parts of the State. However, looking at the vast geographical
area unsettled status of land, low human population, community ownership
and customary laws, the whole concept requires a review specially in North-Eastern
States. In the present paper aneffort
has been made to analyse the problems and prospects of JFM implementation
in Arunachal Pradesh.
Mishra, A.; Singh, Anand; Kukreja, A.K. and Patra, N.K.
2000. Adventitious root induction in stem cuttings of Taxus baccata
L. for ex-situ cultivation. Journal of Non-Timber Forest
Products, 7(1/2): 63-66. Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015; CIMAP Field Station, Purura, Almora
768001; CIMAP Field Station, Pantnagar 763145, India. [CULTIVATION; STEM
CUTTING; TAXUS BACCATA]
Auxins, combination of auxins
and thiadiazuron (TDZ) have been tested for adventitious roots induction
in stem cuttings of Taxux baccata L. Auxins [Indole-3-butyric acid
(IBA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)] at lower
concentration (50 mg ml-1 were observed more effective for inducing
roots in stem cuttings. The combination of auxins IBA and NAA at 50 mg
ml-1 each showed remarkable changes in treated stem cuttings.
Generally callus formation was quite high (70%) at 100 mg ml-1
TDZ with IBA, NAA individually. On the other hand the combination of TDZ,
IBA and NAA (100 mg ml-1 each) was highly effective for callus
(>95%) as well as root induction. Beside, auxin treatments, TDZ may also
be used for rapid root induction of T. baccata.
Mishra, Ashutosh; Sharma, C.M.; Sharma, S.D. and Baduni, N.P.
2000. Effect of aspect on the structure of vegetation community of moist
bhabar and tarai Shorea robusta forest in central Himalaya.
The
Indian Forester, 126(6): 634-642. Department of Forestry, HNB Garhwal
University, Srinagar, (Garhwal), India; Forest Research Institute, Dehradun,
India. [CENTRAL HIMALAYA; DIVERSITY INDEX; MICRO-CLIMATIC CONDITION; ORGANIC
MATTERS]
The composition of forest
vegetation and community structure of Moist Bhabar and Tarai Sal forest
were examined on four different aspects; namely, North-East, North-West,
South-East and South-West, in District Pauri Garhwal to understand the
growth behaviour of Shorea robusta individuals under different micro-climatic
conditions. . robusta
was found dominating on all the aspects with maximum IVI, density, frequency
and TBC values and has reflected regular and random distribution patterns,
the highest TBC value of this species was recorded on NE facing slope (5009.04
cm2/100m2) and highest Cd value (0.4321) on SW facing
slope, where minimum diversity persisted. On the other hand the lowest
cd value (0.3115) was observed on SE aspect where maximum diversity existed.
The maximum accumulation of organic matter was noticed on NE aspect (average
value 1.51±0.61%) due to occurrence of mature Sal stand.
Mishra, V.K.; Raina, J.N. and Nayak, B.K.
2000. Multipurpose trees enrich degraded watershed an approach for rural
rehabilitation. Journal of soil and Water Conservation, 44(1
& 2): 60-71. College of Forestry, UHF Nauni, Solan, H.P.; Foresters
Training School, Government of Orissa, Bhubaneswar 751003. [FERTILITY;
FUEL-WOOD; MULTIPURPOSE TREE; WATERSHED MANAGEMENT]
Watershed Management through
integrated approach of Agriculture, Horticulture Dairy of Forestry Practice,
was taken up by Dr. Y.S. Parmar, University, Solan in its Horticultural
Research Station at Dhaulakuan, Himachal Pradesh. Among other Forestry
programmes a high density plantation of three multipurpose trees i.e. Eucalyptus
tereticornis, Melia azedarach and Leucaena leucocephala was established.
Soil characteristics like pH, ECe Organic Carbon, available N,P,K, exchangeable
Ca and Mg are estimated to assess the soil ameliorative properties. A comparison
of soil chemical characteristics between the experimental plot and the
adjoining unplanted area reflected interesting informations. It was noticed
that while pH and ECe depressed the status of Organic carbon, exchangeable
Calcium and Magnesium, and available N.P.K. improved under plantation.
Besides the optimum production of fuel-wood, fodder and small timber the
soil ameliorative property of vegetation on degraded barren watershed is
a suitable biological method of soil and water conservation at low cost
technology.
Misra, K.K. and Jaiswal, H.R.
2000.
Effect of plant bioregulators and potassium nitrate on seedling
quality of Bael (Aegle marmelos Correa). Journal of Non-Timber
Forest Products, 7(1/2): 126-130. Department of Horticulture, G.B.
Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Distt.-
Udham Singh Nagar, India. [FIBROUS ROOTS; PLANT BIOREGULATORS; SEEDLING]
The effect plant bioregulators
and potassium nitrate on seedling quality of Bael (Aegle marmelos Correa)
was studied. Seedling growth like height, number of branches, leaves, secondary
roots, dry weight of leaves, stem and top was found maximum with foliar
sprays of GA3, 1000 ppm while number of fibrous roots per seedlings,
length of tap root and dry weight of roots were found maximum with foliar
sprays of IBA, 1000 ppm. The top:root ratio was found maximum with GA3,
1000 ppm and minimum with IBA, 1000 ppm. The correlation (r) among most
of the morphological traits was found positive and significant but correlation
among number of branches per seedling with dry weight of leaves, fresh
weight of top with dry weight of leaves and stem, dry weight of top with
fresh weight of top, dry weight of leaves and stem were found stronger.
Muller-Boker, Ulrike and Kollmair, Michael
2000. Livelihood strategies and local perceptions of a new nature conservation
project in Nepal. Mountain Research and Development, 20(4):
324-331. Department of Human Geography, Institute of Geography, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [INTERNAL/EXTERNAL
PERCEPTION; KANCHENJUNGA; LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES; LOCAL INSTITUTIONS; NATURE
CONSERVATION; NEPAL]
The recently established
Kanchenjunga Conservation Area Project (KCAP)-jointly managed by the Department
of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) and World Wildlife
Fund (WWF)-is based on the principles of the new participatory concept
of nature conservation. The main objectives are to protect the unique environment
of the Kanchenjunga region and to help local communities improve their
standard of living. This study focuses on existing livelihood strategies
and local institutions as well as on the local population's perception
of the participatory approach. A theoretical consideration of the different
concepts of nature and conservation is regarded as helpful in understanding
locally observed processes. The results show wide diversification in the
economic system that contributes to sustaining livelihood. Various local
institutions have established governance over particular resources. With
regard to the KCAP, it became obvious that nearly all interviewees had
expectations that went far beyond the intended and economically feasible
potential of the project. This is largely because they do not entirely
comprehend the principal aim of "conservation". On the other hand, most
of the local people believe that conservation of nature is necessary in
their region and that it is only possible through a joint effort made by
everyone in the community.
Muruganandam, M. 1999.
Aquaculture
potential for integrated watershed development in Shiwalik and north western
Himalayas: Problems and prospects. Indian J. Soil Cons.,, 27(3):
234-242. Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute,
Dehradun 248 195, India. [COLDWATER AQUACULTURE; INTEGRATED WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT;
WATER HARVESTING STRUCTURES]
To conceptualise Himalayan
aquaculture and identify existing practices, constraints and opportunities
so as to establish and develop an organised fish farming and improve watershed
management in foot hills of Shiwalik and other North Western Himalayan
tracts, a field study comprising a regional survey in three representative
blocks, each in Kumaun (Jaspur), Garhwal (Sahespur) and Shiwalik foot hill
plain (Sukhomajri) was initiated in Feb. 1997. The survey indicated that,
conceivably, aquaculture development in Himalayas can take pressure off
the fragile ecosystem, where the existing agriculture suffers from on-site
and off-site effects of deforestation, soil erosion and nutrient loss,
especially in monsoon and unsustainable farming practices such as cultivation
along the slope and extensive monoculture. Although aquaculture and water
harvesting are two age-old intervention points with many positive influence
on socio-economic development they have been currently restrained by various
biological, structural and watershed perplexities particularly in Himalayan
regions. If watershed based promotion, for the efficient utilisation of
natural resources in integration with other sectors of upland economy,
promoting Integrated Farming Systems (IFS), is adopted a quantum jump in
fisheries yield and thereby better socio-economic conditions would be automatically
assured. This, however needs an array of efforts to overcome the confronting
problems through identified researchable issues.
Naithani, Ajay K.; Nainwal, H.C.; Sati, K.K. and Prasad, C.
2001. Geomorphological evidences of retreat of the Gangotri glacier
and its characteristics. Current Science, 80(1): 87-94. Department
of Geology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal 246174, India. [GANGOTRI
GLACIER; MAIN CENTRAL THRUST; MICRO-CLIMATIC CONDITION]
The Gangotri glacier which
has the 258.56 km2 of glacierized area is receding as evidenced
by various geomorphological features and morphometry parametric. Because
of subsidence and the fast degenerating nature of the glacier, middle part
of ablation zone is full of supraglacial lakes. The study shows that retreat
was much slower before, compared to what was after 1971. Series of hummocky
moraines indicate a faster retreat of the ice.
Nath, B.K.; Singh, C.K. and Sinha, A.
2000. Distribution of the ABO and RH blood groups in ADI (mixed) tribal
population of Arunachal Pradesh. J. Hum. Ecol., 11(6): 493-494.
Department of Zoology, J.M. College, Pasighat 791103, Arunachal Pradesh;
Department of Zoology, V.K.S. University, Ara 802301, Bihar. [ARUNACHAL
PRADESH; BLOOD GROUPS; ENDOGAMOUS POPULATION; POLYMORPHISM]
Distribution of the ABO
and Rh blood groups among the Adi (mixed) tribal population of East Siang
District, Arunachal Pradesh was studied. The prevalence of blood group
frequencies, A>O>B>AB, was fairly similar to that of their Mongoloid stock
from South China. These frequencies have not changed very much from earlier
reports despite the inter-tribal and tribal-nontribal marriages in recent
years.
Nath, Sankar Kumar; Sengupta, Probal; Sengupta, Saradindu and Chakrabarti,
Amitabha 2000. Site response
estimation using strong motio network: A step towards microzonation of
the Sikkim Himalayas. Current Science, 79(9): 1316-1326. Department
of Geology & Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
721302, India. [EARTHQUAKE; GEOTECTONIC CONDITION; MAIN CENTRAL THRUST;
SEISMIC HAZARD]
Site response in the Sikkim
Himalayas is studied using digital accelerograms recorded by a seven-station-strong-motion
network, established to monitor the earthquakes in the region in an effort
to microzone the area. Depending on the criterion that signal-to-noise
ratio must be ³3, out of more than fifty earthquakes recorded during
May-August 1999, only fifteen events are chosen for the non-reference-receiver-function-type
estimate of the site amplification factors. Site response curves (with
± 2 standard deviation uncertainty) at all the seven sites and the
contour maps at central frequencies 1,3,5,7,9 and 11 Hz show station to
station variation of the site factors at different frequencies, reflecting
the changes in geologic/geotectonic/soil conditions. The nonlinearity of
the site factor is also observed due to its strong frequency dependence.
Results of this investigation reveal the significance of site response
studies in the microzonation for seismic hazard assessment.
Pande, P.K.; Negi, J.D.S. and Sharma, S.C.
2000. Species diversity, turn-over and resource apportionment among
various plant species in a Western-Himalayan forest. The Indian
Forester, 126(7): 727-741. Centre for Forestry Research and Human Resource
Development, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India; Division of Ecology and
Environment, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India. [BIODIVERSITY;
BROADLEAF FORESTS; DIVERSITY INDEX; HIMALAYAN FORESTS]
In this paper, species diversity,
species turn-over and resource appointment among the various species at
selected sites of Western-Himalayan forest situated at Sandev, Distt. Pithoragarh
(U.P.) are described. The whole are is divided into four sub sites as per
their aspect, altitude and vegetation. In general, Quercus leucotrichophora,
Pieris ovalifolia, Rhododendron arboreum, Alnus nepalensis and Macaranga
denticulata dominate the site except site-III, where Pinus roxburghii
forms its community with P. ovalifolia and R. arboreum. The
density value range (plant/100m2) was 6.37-12.37 for tree layer;
21-74 for shrubs and 6182-11400 for herb layer. Total basal cover (cm2/100m2)
ranged in between 1986-4612 for tree layer; 17-50 for shrubs and 246-497
for herbaceous layer. Diversity-index is higher for herbs and lowest for
trees. Site-IV is more diverse than of the other sites for trees and shrubs
while site-II is more diverse than of the other sites as far as herbs are
concerned. Site-III and IV are the more similar sites whereas site-I and
IV showed least similarity. In general, log and log-normal distribution
of species is followed by most of the sites for all the life-forms, which
is indicative of higher interspecific competition among the various species
at their respective sites.
Philip, G. and Mazari, R.K.
2000.
Shrinking lake basing in the proximity of the Indus Suture Zone
of northwestern Himalaya: a case study of Tso Kar and Startsapuk Tso, using
1RS-1C data.
Int. J. Remote Sensing, 21(16): 2973-2984. Wadia
Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33-Gen. Mahadeo Singh Road, Dehradun 248001,
India. [INDUS SUTURE ZONE; REMOTE SENSING; SATELLITE DATA]
The study of active tectonics
in Himalaya is important as this helps to understand the style of evolutionary
process of this gigantic mountain system in more specific terms. The formation
of lakes, regarded as the crown stage development of an orogenic belt,
is an impressive geomorphic feature that adorns the Himalayan belt end
to end. Tso Kar and Startsapuk Tso are the two ancient lakes that lie south
of the Indus Suture Zone in the northwestern Himalaya. An attempt has been
made to map to the former extent to these lakes, using remote sensing techniques,
for providing vital clues in elucidating the paleo-environmental conditions
under which these water bodies were developed. It is observed that the
dimension of these lakes has constantly fluctuated in time due to ongoing
compression in the collision regime and possible climatic influences that
have been recorded on a large scale globally. An added advantage of this
study has been to evaluate the high spatial resolution data of the Indian
Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-1C) for geomorphological, lithological and
structural inferences in the arid, inaccessible and complex terrain like
the northwestern Trans Himalaya.
Raina, J.N. and Kumar, Pardeep
2000.
Physico-chemical characterization and fertility status of some
forest nursery soils of district Sirmour in Himachal Pradesh. The
Indian Forester, 126(6): 657-663. Department of Soil Science and Water
Management, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,
Solan, Himachal Pradesh. [NURSERY; SANDY-LOAM; SOIL FERTILITY]
The present study was undertaken
to determine physico-chemical properties and fertility status of some forest
nursery soils of district Sirmour in Himachal Pradesh. Analysis of surface
and sub-surface soil samples collected from the nurseries was carried out.
The soil pH was found neutral and electrical conductivity was in safe limits
(less than 0.8 dsm-1). The CEC values ranged between 7.1-16.8
cmol/kg soil and were higher in surface soils as compared to sub-surface
soils. Organic carbon status was rated medium, while available N,P and
K were categorized as low to medium, high and medium, respectively. Available
Ca and Mg were in adequate amounts and SO4-S was found high.
In order to have healthy nursery seedlings, there is a need to apply recommended
doses of chemical fertilizers in conjunction with organic manures, however,
phosphatic fertilizer application can be reduced by 25 per cent of recommended
dose.
Raizada, A. and Samra, J.S.
2000.
Rehabilitation of an abandoned limestone mine in the lower western
Himalayas - Impact assessment on vegetation development and floristic diversity.
The
Indian Forester, 126(8): 842-855. Central Soil and Water Conservation
Research and Training Institute, Dehradun, India. [BIO-ENGINEERING; DIVERSITY
INDEX; FLORISTIC DIVERSITY; LIMESTONE MINE]
Rehabilitation of mine spoiled
areas through suitable bioengineering measures and allowing natural succession
of vegetation to progress is an essential step towards ecosystem recovery.
In this paper, the effect of such measures accompanied with protection
of an abandoned limestone mine have been described. Development of vegetation
and its phytosociological characteristics were compared with an adjoinin
but slightly disturbed natural forest situated in the lower sub-humid Himalayan
region. In the rehabilitated area, an introduced species
Leucaena leucocephala,
had the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) of 66.05, followed by a sedge
species Eriophorum cosmosum (IVI 58.85) and
Acacia catechu
(IVI51.85). The area also supported a significant growth of
Thysaloena
maxima and Saccharum spontaneum. In the adjoining non-mined
forest, the highest IVI value was recorded for
Corcorus laurifolius
(55.98), followed by Mallotus phillipensis (47.55),
Murraya koenigii
(38.71) and Bauhinia retusa (37.02). These species, which are associates
of Shorea robusta forests, are valuable fodder species in the region
specially during the winters, and were, therefore, not harvested while
timber yielding species like Shorea robusta and Toona ciliata
are
now totally absent from the area. Cluster analysis and ordination by Principal
Component Analysis (PAC) revealed distinct loading of plots along different
axis due to an underlying edaphic gradient, external seeding and soil moisture
availability. Diversity (H') of tree species in the natural forest was
higher that the rehabilitated area, which otherwise had higher diversity
values for shrubs and grasses. It is suggested that existing levels of
biotic disturbances be restricted for some more time to provide an opportunity
for late colonizers to establish themselves in the area.
Ramprasad, B.K.; Miral, M.S.; Pant, R. and Rao, K.S.
2000. Identification of potential water harvesting sites using GIS &
remote sensing technologies: a case study of Sadiyagad watershed, central
Himalaya, India. In: Integrated water resources management for sustainable
development. I ed. (Eds: Mehrotra, R.; Soni, B. and Bhatia, K.K.S.) National
Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 1224-1233. G.B. Pant Institute of
Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, India. [GIS
TECHNOLOGY; REMOTE SENSING; SATELLITE DATA; WATER HARVESTING]
The identification of water
resources and its proper management practices are very essential with respect
to the population growth and their increasing needs. Geographical Information
Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) are powerful tools to manage and
analyze spatially distributed information. ArcViwe, a powerful desktop
GIS to visualize, update, analyze geographic information, and create quality
presentations that brings the power of interactive mapping and analysis,
was used in the present study. An attempt was made for the identification
of potential water harvesting sites which can fulfill both the drinking
and irrigation needs of the population living in the Sadiyagad watershed.
The GIS and Remote Sensing techniques provided the base information on
the land-cover and land use maps, the pattern and placement of villages,
forest, agricultural land and road network. Using an elevation contour
map prepared in ArcInfo (version 3.4); a Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
was prepared in ArcView (version 3.0) on a desktop computer system. From
the DEM model we have development models for Flow Direction, Flow Accumulation,
Stream Channel and finally Unique Basins to split the whole watershed into
9 basins. Spring criteria and stream criteria maps were developed using
the land use and infrastructure maps to reach our final target of finding
the suitable sites for the construction of storage tanks. In all 40 sites
were identified which could be developed for harvesting runoff water for
the purpose of irrigation and other domestic uses. Out of these, 21 sites
are within 100m from the road and easily accessible; about 50Km2
area can be irrigated within 1/2km distance from these potential sources
in the Sadiyagad watershed.
Rana, R.S. and Singh, L.N.
1999. Eradication of Lantana camara and wasteland utilization
in KANDI region of Himachal Pradesh. Indian J. Soil Cons.,,
27(2): 137-140. Regional Research Station, H.P.K.V. Dhaulakuan, Distt.
Sirmour 173 001, H.P., India. [CHEMICAL CONTROL; GRASS PRODUCTION; HIMACHAL
PRADESH; LANTANA CAMARA; WASTELAND]
An experiment of Lantana
camara eradication for utilization of wasteland was conducted in two
sub-watersheds of Markanda catchment in Kandi region of Himachal
Pradesh. Chemical control of L. camara with 1 per cent Glyphosate
(41% a.i) spray in September or October on regenerated
L. camara
growth which had been cut earlier (5-8 cm above ground level) in the month
of May and June was found to be most effective and economical. From L.
camara controlled area, mean green fodder yield of 17.6 and 11.9 t
ha-1 was obtained with fertilizer application @40 kg N and 20
kg P2O5 per hectare and no fertilizer application
respectively. The net returns from the green grass yield in
L. camara
controlled area from the second year onwards is Rs 6000 ha-1
and with fertilizer application higher returns of Rs. 8000 ha-1
could be obtained.
Rana, Rajesh K.; Kaushal, P. and Negi, Y.S.
2000. Benefit - cost analysis of agro-forestry trees in eroded soils
- a case study of Upper-Swan catchment in district Una (H.P.). The
Indian Forester, 126(12): 1297-1308. Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of
Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. [AGRO-FORESTRY;
ERODED SOILS; FODDER; FUEL-WOOD]
Establishment of successful
agro-forestry plantations in fragile eco-systems such as eroded soils is
a difficult job as it involves relatively higher cost and generates less
returns. Site specific benefit-cost studies for plantations on such sites
thus are important. The present study was undertaken in the Upper-Swan
river catchment area of Una District in Himachal Pradesh. This catchment
area is peculiar for its eroded soils. Tree species, Dalbergia sissoo,
Albizia lebbek; Toona ciliata and Grewia optica were considered
for analysis. Plantation being sparse the calculations were done on per
100 tree basis at relatively higher (12%) rate of returns. Results indicated
that the plantations under consideration were profitable as both, Net Present
Worth (NPW) and the Benefit-Cost ratio (B-C ratio) criteria testify it.
Grewia
optiva being very popular and useful fodder species of the area, yielded
the highest NPW (Rs. 11,644) followed by Dalbergia sissoo (Rs. 5,611),
Toona ciliata (Rs. 5,155) and Albizia lebbek (Rs. 3,350. However,
the B-C ratio was found to be the highest for Dalbergia sissoo (2.59)
followed by Toona ciliata (2.58),
Grewia optiva (2.35) and
Albizia
lebbek (1.97).
Rao, K.S.; Nautiyal, S.; Maikhuri, R.K. and Saxena, K.G.
2000. Management conflicts in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, India.
Mountain
Ressearch and Development, 20(4): 320-323. G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan
Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263643; G.B. Pant Institute
of Himalayan Environment and Development, Garhwal Unit, P.O. Box 92, Srinagar
246174 (Garhwal); School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University,
New Delhi 110067, India. [BIODIVERSITY; BIOSPHERE RESERVE; BUFFER ZONE;
MANAGEMENT]
Biosphere reserve models
around the world are becoming increasingly people-oriented and conservation-conscious
in achieving their objectives. However, reserves established in developing
countries, such as the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve in India, are facing
management versus people conflicts due to the insensitivity of management
to both genuine and irrational demands coming from people who are motivated
by potential economic benefits. The present case study focuses on the issue
of crop and livestock depredation by wildlife as a major source of conflict.
Feasible solutions in the given socio-economic context are outlined here;
some of these are being tested by the authors in the study area. The results
are expected to provide more sustainable livelihood measures and stimulate
greater participation in conservation programs.
Rawat, G.S. and Bhainsora, N.S.
1999. Woody vegetation of Shivaliks and outer Himalaya in north western
India. Tropical Ecology, 40(1): 119-128. Wildlife Institute
of India, P.B. 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun 248001, India; Kendriya Vidyalaya,
Forest Research Institute, P.O. New Forest, Dehradun 248001, India. [BHABAR
TRACT; DOON VALLEY; SAL REGENERATION; SHIVALIK HILLS; SPECIES DIVERSITY]
Structure and composition of forests across the Shivaliks, Doon Valley
and outer Himalaya in Dehradun District, North Western India were studied
using stratified random plots. Richness of woody species, Importance Value
Index (IVI) of trees, and regeneration of sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.),
the climax species of the region, have been compared. Based on `TWINSPAN'analysis
17 groups or tree associations were segregated with Eigen values ranging
form 0.216 to 0.729 which largely follow increasing rainfall and moisture
gradient. Absence of Anogeissus latifolia in the outer Himalaya
marked the different from the tree associations of other two zones. The
richness of woody species was highest in Shivaliks (62) followed by Doon
Valley (56) and outer Himalaya (54). Of 1001 individuals of sal measured
for GBH, the pole size (10-20 cm girth class formed about 4% of the population.
Outer Himalaya had significantly higher density of sal saplings (<10
cm girth class) compared to Shivaliks (paired t=2.62 p <0.05) and Doon
Valley (t=2.29 p <0.05) but the latter two zones were similar in sapling
densities. Sal attained highest girth in Doon Valley (X...=126.2 ±
12.3 cm) and lowest in the outer Himalaya (X...=56.0 ± 6.4 cm).
Within Shivalik the tree densities (ha-1) varied among valley
bottom (260.9 ± 64.1), middle slope (265.7 ± 77.9) and Shivalik
ridge (254.6 ± 100.7). However, tree densities in Doon Valley (640.0
± 253.9 ha-1) and outer Himalaya (643.7 ± 257.7
ha-1) were much higher compared to Shivaliks. Areas disturbed
due to lopping and cutting, particularly in Doon valley and outer Himalaya
were dominated by Lantana camara Linn., and exotic shrub. Though
Lantana
thickets seem to protect sal seedlings from the frost and other injuries,
overall plant species diversity was very low in such areas. Influence of
terrain, topography and protection has been discussed along with the conservation
implications.
Ray, P.N. 2000. Status
of joint forest management in Tripura. The Indian Forester,
126(5): 483-492. Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Tripura, India.
[JOINT FOREST MANAGEMENT; MANAGEMENT STRATEGY; MINOR FOREST PRODUCTS; RURAL
DEVELOPMENT]
The Joint Forest Management
programme was initiated in Tripura in December, 1991 and since then there
has been reasonable progress in involving the people living around the
forests to protect and improve the forests and in their share the benefits
therefrom. It was at first initiated in Melaghar, West Tripura District
and resulted in turming the barren lands into verdant forests with protection
made available by Forest Protection and Regeneration Committees. Upto Dec.
1999, 165 such committees have been formed which protect 18,566 ha of forest
land. A few microplans have been prepared which intend to provide aided
natural regeneration. Plantation of bamboo and other species, underplanting
of canes, plants of medicinal value etc. have been undertaken Benefits
have come as bamboos fuelwood, honey, minor forest produce, leaves etc.
although the programme is still in its infancy. The committees formed are
vulnerable as they have no force of law. Moreover forest produce is required
to be cultivated to increase income of the members of the committees, but
there are no such plans so far. The constitution and the bylaws of the
committees are yet to be framed. Forest offenses in such managed areas
are not covered by laws except the Indian Forest Act. Mechanism for the
distribution of benefits is still to be worked out and there is the paucity
of funds for this programme. Flexibility in taking up works is also needed.
Smuggling across the border is cause of concern. Coordination with other
agencies is necessary because the benefits from such management are usually
lower than benefits available from other agencies programmes. Territorial
confusion with administrative unit exists. Law and order problems also
handicap free working in the field. Such issues need to be looked into
to attain success. The programme should commence from selected areas as
Joint Forest Management is still evolving and neither the staff nor the
people are ready to take it up everywhere. Positive benefits in selected
areas are likely to enthuse all concerned. The staff should be trained
in this new concept. Coordination committees should be formed at all levels
and
ensure participation of different govt. departments, professionals, NGOs
and eminent persons. A network, if formed, will definitely make JFM an
effective tool for forest conservation and rural development. Operational
methodology should be worked out satisfactorily e.g. coordination between
Panchayats and FRRCs. The Committees should also create own funds for the
sustained working of the programme when Govt. assistance will not be available
to them.
Rikhari, H.C. and Palni, L.M.S.
1999.
Fire affects ground flora dynamics of forest ecosystem: A case
study from Central Himalaya. Tropical Ecology, 40(1): 145-151.
G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi, Almora
263643, India. [BIOMASS; CENTRAL HIMALAYA; FIRE-WOOD; PRODUCTIVITY; TURNOVER
TIME]
This study deals with the
impact of a fire event on ground flora dynamics (composition, diversity,
biomass, productivity and turnover) of oak mixed broadleaf forest ecosystem
within Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary (2500 m amsl; 29o39'-29o44'N
lat and 79o41'-79o49'E long) of Central Himalaya.
A change in some of the dominant ground vegetation species, and diversity
was recorded following a fire event. Except for total nitrogen and organic
carbon, values for phosphorus, potassium and pH were also affected by fire.
The live above-and belowground biomass increased from February and was
maximum in September and October, respectively. Shoot: root ratio for different
seasons, i.e., winter, summer and rainy was higher for fire affected site
compared to unaffected site. Values of total net primary productivity in
fire affected and unaffected sites were 330 and 48 g m-2, respectively.
Turnover rate of belowground parts and total biomass in the fire affected
site were much less in comparison to the unaffected site (belowground 0.28
and 0.83; total biomass 0.56 and 0.94, respectively).
Rikhari, H.C.; Sharma, S.; Nadeem, M. and Palni, L.M.S.
2000. The effect of disturbance levels, forest types and associations
on the regeneration of Taxus baccata: Lessons from the Central Himalaya.
Current
Science, 79(1): 88-90. G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment
and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263643, India. [BROADLEAF FORESTS;
SEED GERMINATION; TAXUS BACCATA]
Taxus baccata L.
subsp. wallichiana (Zucc.) Pilger has come into prominence in recent
years because of its over exploitation from the Himalayan forests for pharmaceutical
drugs. Despite wide elevational distribution (1770-3400 m elevation), it
never forms extensive stretches and commonly occurs as undercanopy species.
Further, it is an extremely slow-growing tree with poor seed germination.
Along the disturbance gradient Taxus shows different population
patterns. Least disturbed mixed broadleaf forest association shows stable
population. The number of seedlings was related to crown cover and soil
pH. The size class distribution of T. baccata population indicates
that this species is on its way out at the study site. The threat is not
only because of excessive harvesting but also due to degradation of forest
sites for other reasons.
Sahoo, P.K.; Kumar, Sandeep and Singh, R.P.
2000. Neotectonic study of Ganga and Yamuna tear faults, NW Himalaya,
using remote sensing and GIS. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 21(3):
499-518. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,
Kanpur 208016, India. [EARTHQUAKE; LANDSLIDE; REMOTE SENSING; TECTONIC
ZONE]
The Ganga and Yamuna rivers
emerge from the Himalayas along two major faults known as the Ganga and
Yamuna Tear Faults respectively. The two major strike-slip faults transverse
to the Siwalik range are clearly seen in satellite imagery of the Dehradun
area. Earthquake records, landslide and recent changes in geomorphological
features indicate that the area between the Main Boundary Thrust and the
Main Frontal Thrust is tectonically active. An effort has been made to
study the tectonic evolution and neotectonism of the Ganga and Yamuna tear
faults. Spectral and spatial enhancement techniques have been employed
to the digital data of IRS-1B LISS-I to delineate the lineaments and major
faults of the area. Based on Mohr's theory, failure criteria and statistical
analysis of remotely sensed lineament data, horizontal compressive stress
values (SHmax) have been estimated at various sites of the study
area. These data are found to be consistent with the published (SHmax)
orientation determined from earthquake focal mechanism solutions. Active
faults and lineaments have been extracted from the remotely sensed lineament
data. Past earthquake data and depth to basement contour data have been
used in an integrated approach with available Geographic Information System
(GIS) techniques to reconstruct a present-day regional geodynamic model.
Attempts have been made to investigate the genesis of Ganga and Yamuna
Tear Faults and possible causes of recent tectonic activities of the area
with the help of the proposed geodynamic model.
Saini, R.P. 2000. Medicinal
plants of Darjeeling hills - A study by silviculture (Hills) division,
Darjeeling.
The Indian Forester, 126(8): 822-837. Divisional
Forest Officer, Working Plan Division (N), Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
[BIODIVERSITY; MEDICINAL PLANT; SILVICULTURE]
The forest areas are well
endowed with plants having useful medicinal properties very well recognised
by village and tribal people. Generally the village folks even now cure
their ailments by treatments from such plants having medicinal value. Efforts
were taken during 1997-1999 by Silviculture (Hills) Division, Darjeeling
to raise different medicinal plants collected from forest areas on the
basis of information extended by local people. Since 1997 nurseries have
been started at different Ranges of the Division viz. Lava, Sukna, Bhuttabari
Kalijhora, Sonada and Lloyd Botanical Garden, Darjeeling to raise medicinal
plants and study various information on the parts of plants used flowering
time, fruiting time, seedling, method of propagation and above all ailments
for which it is applicable has been gathered and stated for ready reference
in this article.
Saraf, A.K.; Goyal, V.C.; Negi, A.S.; Roy, B. and Choudhary, P.R.
2000. Remote sensing and GIS techniques for the study of springs in
a watershed in Garhwal in the Himalaya, India. Int. J. Remote Sensing,
21(12): 2353-2361. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Roorkee,
Roorkee 247667; National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee 247667, India.
[GROUND-WATER; REMOTE SENSING; SATELLITE DATA]
Water has been described
as the elixir of life the source of energy that sustains life on earth
and the factor that governs the evolution and the functioning of the universe.
Increased use of water in the face of the impairment of the natural environment
and ecology and the drying up to springs and reduction in their discharge
and those of streams in the Lesser and Outer Himalayas are the most serious
problems calling for study and exploration of groundwater resources in
the Himalayan region. The hilly regions of India are facing a serious water
availability crisis, particularly during summer months. Viable sources
of water such as springs in the Himalayas, which are plentiful in the hills,
are drying up due to rapid and unplanned developments. The present study
deals with the delineation of springs in the Chandrabhaga watershed using
remote sensing and GIS technologies. The study demonstrates that the coincidence
of lineaments derived from merged satellite data, and the drainage density
show good correlation with the present spring locations in the Chandrabhaga
watershed. The study shows also that the locations of various springs have
changed since 1981 perhaps due to rapid changes in the landuse pattern
in the watershed between 1981 and 1997. Besides landuse, topography, geology
and geological structures are among the most influential factors affecting
spring location and discharge. An integrated approach of remote sensing
and GIS is proved to be an efficacious technique for the study of springs
in a mountainous watershed.
Satapathy, K.K. and Dutta, K.K.
1999.
Revegetation of eroded hill slopes - An experience with geojute
in Arunachal Pradesh.
Indian J. Soil Cons.,, 27(3): 227-233.
ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam 793 103, Meghalaya, India.
[ARUNACHAL PRADESH; ERODED HILL SLOPES; REVEGETATION; VEGETATIVE MEASURES]
Landslides in road risers,
agricultural land, stream lines in the hill areas of Arunachal Pradesh
is a common but destructive phenomenon specially during the rainy season.
A pilot project on "Revegetation of badly eroded land by use of Geojute
and other material" was undertaken in the eroded sliding area during the
years 1991-95. The effect of Geojute materials in stabilizing and revegetation
of the badly eroded lands were evaluated. Geojute nets were used to cover
the eroded surface over which different plant species were planted in different
treatments. Besides Geojute nets, materials like Netlon and wiremesh were
also used in critical areas to prevent further erosion over the slide surfaces.
The areas were further guarded with a series of gabion structures at the
lower reaches of the slopes and across the waterways. lpomea carnea
(besharam) was observed to be the first to establish followed by Thysanolaena
maxima (broom grass). Geojute material could prevent surface erosion
and provided support temporarily for new vegetation to establish over the
eroded area up to a period of 6 months (one rainy season), provided the
material was laid out properly, species planted timely and free grazing
of animal was prevented in the treated area. Series of gabion structures
constructed at the lower reaches of the slide area and across the waterways
facilitated silt deposition to the extent of 1478 m3, in the
uphill stages of the waterways, further strengthening the stability of
the area treated with Geojute material. The material was found suitable
in area with low and medium slopes where erosion is caused mainly by surface
runoff. However, in areas where the land slide is caused by sub-surface
flow, the material could not prevent the slide. Geojute was found more
advantageous to use in comparison to other materials e.g. Netlon and wiremesh,
due to its drapeability character, whereas other materials could not be
used effectively over eroded surface having exposed stony material.
Shamet, G.S. 2000.
Vegetative
propagation of Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent) through stem
cuttings and basal sprouts.
Indian Journal of Forestry, 23(1):
36-40. Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University
of Horticulture & Forestry, P.O. Nauni-Solan 173230 (H.P.). [PINUS
ROXBURGHII; SEEDLING; VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION]
The study was conducted
to determine the effect of various auxin formulations on rooting behaviour
of seedling, ramet and sprout origin cuttings in Pinus roxburghii.
Significantly high rooting of 71.4 per cent and 61 per cent was obtained
when seedling origin cutting were treated with auxin formulation (IBA,
NAA) and struck in summer (May) and rainy season (July) respectively. While
first cycle ramet cuttings produced 49.9 per cent success in rainy season,
the sprout cuttings from 15-yr old chir trees produced highest rooting
of 81.5 per cent in mist when such cuttings were treated with 7500 ppm
NAA-Ac during summer.
Sharma, A. and Deka, P.C.
2000. Studies on genetic variability in Bambusa germplasm through
isozyme analysis.
Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products, 7(1/2):
53-58. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University,
Jorhat 785013. [BAMBOO; ENZYMES SYSTEM; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GERMPLASM]
Eighteen different bamboo
germplasm involving eight species of Bambusa were collected from
different parts of North-east India. Analysis of glutamate oxaloacetate
transaminase (GOT), peroxidase (PER) and esterase (EST) isozymes were carried
out utilising leaf samples collected from these germplasm through vertical
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All the biotypes could be discriminated
on the basis of their isozymic banding patterns. There was no total uniformity
in the genotypes of biotypes in most of the species. From high to negative
affinity was recorded between different Bambusa species in the Pearson
Similarity Co-efficient Matrix. In UPGMA cluster analysis the species were
separated into two groups. Widely cultivated species were separated from
the species cultivated in localized geographical areas.
Sharma, J.K. 2000.
Morphological
studies on Apricot and its wild relatives. Journal of Hill Research,
13(1): 5-10. Department of Fruit Breeding and Genetic Resources, Dr Y.S.
Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan 173230, Himachal
Pradesh. [POLYGRAPHS; VEGETATIVE CHARACTER; WILD GROWING PLANT]
A critical morphological
comparison of three wild forms of apricot relatives viz. chulli, suhara
and zardalu was carried out among themselves as well as with apricot cv.
New Castle. The studies revealed that both chulli and suhara were found
quite different from apricot whereas zardalu was found similar to apricot.
Both chulli and suhara need to be classified as separate botanical varieties
of Prunus armeniaca L. However, zardalu should be treated as Prunus
armeniaca L.
Shirkot, C.K.; Jaiswal, S.; Shirkot, P. and Sharma, Shallu
2000. Greenhouse evaluation of effectiveness of Rhizobium strains
for Acacia catechu Willd. in mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh.
Journal
of Hill Research, 13(1): 1-4. Department of Basic Sciences and Biotechnology,
Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan 173230,
Himachal Pradesh, India. [ANTIBIOTIC; GREEN-HOUSES; NITROGEN FIXING; SANDY-LOAM]
A total number of forty
two zhizobial were tested for their symbiotic effectiveness with Acacia
catechu Willd. Under sterilized soil conditions. Four isolates Sn-20,
Nn-63, Uf-76 and Nr-94 were found highly effective in increasing the early
growth of seedlings in green house. Isolate Sn-20 showed more than 250%
symbiotic effectiveness over the uninoculated nitrogen control as it produced
highest root weight and shoot dry weight. The isolate Sn-20 also possessed
a differentiating intrinsic antibiotic resistance marker.
Singh, Arun P. 2000.
Nectar
feeding insects on Paulownia fortunei blossoms: Evaluating potential
nototribic pollinators. The Indian Forester, 126(11): 1179-1186.
Entomology Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India. [BIOMASS;
INSECTS; NECTOR FEEDING; POLLINATION]
Pollination potential of
different families of insects, visiting Paulownia fortunie (Scrophulariaceae)
flowers nototribically nectar feeding, was determined for the three time
periods (forenoon, afternoon and evening) of the day at New Forest (78o00'E
and 30o20'N), Dehradun, India, during its peak flowering period
(22nd-28th March 2000). Comparative pollination potential wasdetermined
on the basis of three parameters (i) duration of time period spend for
nectar feeding, (ii) the mean height of insects dorsum from the ground,
in relation to the mean vertical diameter of the corolla tube at the point
of placement of anthers and stigma in it, taken for assessing its potential
in making contact with the anthers (pollen) and stigma, and (iii) the presence
or absence of hairs on the dorsum of the insect considered for estimating
its potential to brush, carry pollen from the anthers and deposit it on
the stigma. Twelve species of insects consisting representing five families
[Xylocopidae (1), Bombidae (1), Apidae (3), Vespidae (3) and Syrphidae
(4)], were sampled. The duration of time spent by the different families
on P. fortunei blossoms varied significantly (a) in general (CD(0.05)
= 1.22; Xylocoopidae > Apidae > Syrphidae > Vespidae > Bombidae), (b) with
respect to the three individual time periods (CD(0.05) = 0.94;
forenoon > afternoon > evening) and (iii) also with respect to the interaction
between two (a) and (b) (CD(0.05) = 2.11; maximum duration of
time spent by Xylocopidae, Apidae and Bombidae was in the forenoon and
for Vespidae and Syrphidae it was in the afternoon]. On the basis of the
physical body structure and size (last two parameters) only two families
[Xylocopidae (Xylocopa fenestrata Fabr.) and Bombidae (Bombus
haemorrhoidalis Smith)] out of five, were determined as suitable potential
pollinators of P. fortunei flowers. As, Xylocopidae spent more duration
of time than Bombidae (first parameter) for nectar feeding on these blossoms,
hence its role in pollination of P.fortunei was greater than Bombidae.
Singh, D.N. 2000. Status
of black-necked cranes in Arunachal Pradesh. The Indian Forester,
126(10): 1136-1140. Field Director, Namdapha Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh,
India. [APATANI PLATEAU; ARUNACHAL PRADESH; BLACK-NECKED CRANE]
The black-necked Cranes
arrive in Arunachal Pradesh during winter months to keep away from cold
climate of Tibet. They have been reported in the past from Gandhigram and
Apatani plateau areas of the state but at present they are restricted to
Santhi valley and Zemithang areas only. The present paper is a study on
its range, status and behaviour in Arunachal Pradesh.
Singh, Jayendra and Yadav, Ram R.
2000. Tree-ring indications of recent glacier fluctuations in Gangotri,
western Himalaya, India. Current Science, 79(11): 1598-1601.
Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53 University Road, Lucknow 226007,
India. [GANGOTRI GLACIER; TREE-RING]
A 410-year-old (AD 1590-1999)
ring-width chronology of Himalayan pine (Pinus wallichiana) based
on large replication of samples derived from a pure, mixed age stand growing
on thick soil with almost even topography near Chirbasa, Gangotri has been
developed. This makes the longest chronology of this species developed
so far from the Indian region. The chronology shows abrupt surge in tree
growth during the late 20th century, with the highest growth indices recorded
in the 1990s. Strong correlation noted between tree growth and winter temperature
shows that the winter warmth is one of the main factors responsible for
the twentieth century growth surge. This growth surge is closely associated
with the area vacated by the Gangotri glacier. Low growth prior to the
1950s reflecting cooler conditions indicates that the glacier should have
been stationary for a long time with some episodic advances.
Singh, Lakhan; Sinha, B.P. and Rao, D.U.M.
1999. Critical negligence of people's participation - A case study of
Uniyal gaon. Indian J. Soil Cons., 27(3): 254-257. Central Soil
& Water Conservation Research & Training Institute, Dehradun 248195,
India. [MISANTHROPY; PEOPLE'S PARTICIPATION; REVOLVING FUND; VILLAGE INSTITUTION]
Watershed Management Projects
were started to arrest and reverse the trend of natural resource degradation
and regenerate natural resources. The present investigation was conducted
in Uniyalgaon under Doon Valley Integrated Watershed Management Project
(Tehri Garhwal) Uttar Pradesh. The data collected were through personal
interaction informal group discussion and recorded conversations. The results
revealed that the villagers have a feeling of getting the subsidized items
as free dole as `their right'. The poor villagers were not given an equal
opportunity to benefit from the afforestation work done in the common property
of the village. The project functionaries were found to be not responsive
to the needs and suggestions of the villagers. The executive committee
members of GAREMA (village institution) had short vision of getting
some personal gains but did not see common good of the society.
Singh, R.K.; Rawat, G.S. and Dhawan, S.
2000. A study on preparation and chemical analysis of compost using
different organic matters. The Indian Forester, 126(8): 809-813.
Silviculture Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun. [C/N RATIO;
FARM YARD MANURE; ORGANIC MATTERS]
The Forest Research Institute,
Dehradun has prepared compost by using variety of organic matter by using
the Berkeley method. The compost so prepared was analyzed and the results
of the analysis have shown that all the composts prepared have nutrients
in substantially higher quantities and they are considerably better than
Farmyard Manure and the compost being generally prepared.
Singh, S.P.; Tewari, Ashish; Singh, S.K. and Pathak, G.C.
2000. Significance of phenologically asynchronous populations of the
central Himalayan oaks in drought adaptation. Current Science,
79(3): 353-357. Department of Botany, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002,
India. [HIMALAYAN OAKS; LEAF PRODUCTION; LEAFING POPULATION]
In this paper we describe
asynchrony in leaf production of the two major central Himalayan oaks Quercus
floribunda and
Q. leucotrichophora with major focus on their
adaptational significance to an unusually severe drought of 1999. In each
oak, early and late leafing populations were differentiable and individuals
of such types could occur adjacently. However, by and large, they tend
to occupy different microsites, early leafing concentrating on moist microsites
and late leafing on drier ones. Analysis of association between the two
populations within each oak indicated that there was no significant association
in distribution. The study provides some direct evidence of adaptational
significance of having asynchronous populations. The capacity of the late
leafing population of Q. floribunda to employ high osmatic adjustment
during the drought, and protecting buds even when leaves were dry and dead
enabled them to survive the severe drought of 1999.
Singh, Sadhna; Kalia, Manoranjan and Malhotra, Sumati Rekha
2000. Effect of addition of popped amaranth flour on sensory and nutritional
quality ofibabroo. J. Hum. Ecol., 11(5): 359-361. Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya,
Palampur 176062, H.P., India. [NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; SENSORY EVALUATION;
TRADITIONAL RECIPES]
Babroo - a traditional
rice based product of Himachal Pradesh, also known as ankalian or cheelai
was prepared. An attempt was also made to improve its nutritional quality
through the addition of popped amaranth flour. The results revealed that
the addition of popped amaranth flour into rice flour reduced the colour,
texture and taste scores. But, they still scored fair on the ten point
hedonic scale. The addition of popped amaranth flour into raw and parboiled
rice flour increased the protein, fat, fibre, lysine, calcium, phosphorus,
iron and riboflavin contents but niacin content was decreased.
Singh, Sadhna; Malhotra, S.R. and Kalia, Manoranjan
2000. Nutritive value of some specialized legume/pulse based preparations
of Himachal Pradesh. J. Hum. Ecol., 11(5): 355-357. Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya,
Palampur 176062, H.P. [LEGUME/PULSE; NUTRIENT CONTENT; TRADITIONAL RECIPES]
The study was undertaken
to determine the nutrient content of some specialised legume/pulse based
recipes consumed in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. The preparations
included Bengal gram whole and dhal, green gram whole,
Telia mash, Rongi
Madhra, Kabuli Chana, khatte massar, Rajmash, Sappu Bari, mixed bengaland
black gram dhal and Khatti arhar dhal. The nutrients analysed
included crude protein, crude fat, total ash, crude fibre, carbohydrate
and energy contents. The results are presented on dry and fresh weight
basis.
Sinha, S.K. and Hegde, Sadanand N.
1999.
Regeneration of Plantlets from in vitro leaf culture of
Renades
arunoday hybrid (Aerides rosea loddiges ex paxt. x Renanthera
imschootiana Rolfe). J. Orchid Soc. India, 13(1-2): 19-24.
Division of Orchidology, State Forest Research Institute, P.B. No. 159,
Itanagar 791111, Arunachal Pradesh, India; Orchid Research Centre, SFRI,
Tipi, Bhalukpong 790114, Arunachal Pradesh, India. [LEAF CULTURE; LEAF
PRIMODIA; SEEDLING; VANDA HYBRID]
Leaves of in vitro
raised 6 months old seedlings of Renades Arunoday hybrid were inoculated
in 1/2 strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 2%
sucrose and different growth regulators viz. IAA, BAP, NAA, KN etc., alone
and various combinations of BAP and NAA. Explants showed better response
(90%) to protocom-like bodies (PLBs) and callus initiation in 2 mgl-1
BAP whereas in the presence of 0.5 mgl-1 NAA, only 20% of the
explants responded within 7 wks of culture. Cent per cent explants responded
in a combination containing 1 mgl-1 BAP and 0.5 mgl-1
NAA. The morphogenetic potential was best sown in entire leaf culture followed
by leaf base segment. The subsequent subculture in BM supplemented with
1 mgl-1 each of BAP and NAA showed best differentiation of PLBs
into plantlets with well developed roots and shoots.
Srivastav, P.K.; Singh, T.S. and Singh, N.I.
2000. Clonal propagation of Quercus serrata thunb. syn. Q.
acutissima Carr. through air layering.
The Indian Forester,
126(8): 879-884. Regional Tasar Research Station, Mantripukhri, Imphal,
Manipur, India. [AIR LAYERING; CLONAL PROPAGATION; ROOTING MEDIUM]
A break through has been
made in clonal propagation of Quercus serrata auct. non Thunb. syn.
Q.
acutissima Carr. through air layering. 250 ppm cone. of IBA was found
to be the best dose followed by 500 ppm dose of NAA for induction of rooting
as well as for final survival of air layers after transplantation. While
June was found to be the best period for raising the air layers, saw dust
was found as the best rooting medium for raising air layers.
Tamta, Sushma; Purohit, V.K.; Nandi, S.K. and Palni, L.M.S.
2000. Chemical induction of root formation in Quercus leucotrichophora
L. stem cuttings. Indian Journal of Forestry, 23(2): 135-138.
G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal,
Almora 263643, India. [BROADLEAF TREE; SEED GERMINATION; STEM CUTTING]
Thakur, D.R.; Sharma, Vinod and Pathik, S.R. Thakur, P.S. Tiwari, B.K. Tiwari, Meera; Pant, C.C. and Tewari, V.C. Uniyal, R.C. and Nautiyal, A.R. Valdiya, K.S. Yadav, A.S. and Tripathi, R.S. Background: Small Grant Programme, co-founded by Global Environmental
Facility (GEF) and the Country Co-operation Framework - India (CCF-I) Environment
Programme seeks to support activities which demonstrate community based
approaches that could reduce threat to the global environment. The programme
is rooted in the belief that global environment problems have local solutions
and that with small amounts of funding local communities can undertake
activities, which shall make a significant difference to their lives and
in their environment. Small Grant Programme (SGP) is administered by the
UNDP and Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India.
It is being implemented by Centre for Environment Education (CEE) as the
National Host Institute (NHI). CEE is a national institute of excellence
for Environment Education supported by MoEF and affiliated to the Nehru
Foundation for Development, Ahmedabad.
Activities supported by SGP:
Who can submit proposals?
Time frame and funding:
The effect of some auxins
(IBA and NAA), phenolic compounds (phloroglucinol and coumarin), a combination
of auxins and phenolics, and ABA have been examined in order to stimulate
adventitious root formation in semi-hard wood cuttings of mature Quercus
leucotrichophora L. trees. To determine the most appropriate time for
raising plants, seasonal effect, if any, on rooting was also examined.
Cuttings collected and planted during the monsoon season survived and good
rooting was obtained in some treatments while experiments carried out in
other seasons did not result in root initiation and the cuttings generally
dried up within 5 weeks. Both the auxins (IBA or NAA) and the phenolics
(coumarin or phloroglucinol) when applied alone, IBA + phloroglucinol and
ABA did not induce rooting. A combination of IBA + coumarin (0.5 + 5.0 mM)
was quite effective (50% compared to 0% in control) in inducing root formation
during monsoon season only. This treatment could be used for vegetative
multiplication of this species.
Out of 30 cultivars of maize
(Zea
mays L.) evaluated for babycorn production at 2 locations (Bajaura
and Sundernagar) during 1995-97, the hybrid `VL 42' gave significantly
highest marketable babycorn yield followed by hybrids `MEH 133' and `MEH
114'. All these hybrids remaining statisticallyat
par with each other, had significantly higher cobs/plant than composite
`Early Composite'. Per cent husk amid barrenness were less in hybrids than
composite, whereas fodder yield was more in `Early composite' than hybrids.
Removal of tassel just after its emergence gave 18% higher marketable babycorn
yield than no de-tasseling.
Comparative growth performance
in a three age-series plantations of 15 MPTs at degraded site was revealed
that tree species namely B. retusa, L. leucocephala, A. altissima, B.
ceiba, G. robusta, M. composita, U. laevigata and
A. oblongum
have excelled in height and diameter growth over the remaining tree species
e.g.
A.
catechu, A. nilotica; T. arjuna, T. chebula, T. bellerica and
Q.
leucotrichophora up to 9 years of tree growth. Maximum height and diameter
growth was attained by M. composita where values were 7.23 and 9.41
cm, respectively up to 9 years of growth. The minimum height was obtained
for T. chebula during the same duration. Leaf area index (LAI) ranged
between 1.14 and 2.50 for all the MPTs with G. robusta
recording
the highest (2.50) while T. chebula the lowest (1.14). Tree species
with higher LAI have excelled in growth performance over the species with
lower LAI.
This paper analyses the
status of diversity, conservation and management, collection and harvest,
processing, pricing and marketing of non-timber forest produce (NTFP) of
north east India. The study reveals that the regions is extremely rich
in NTFP's rural people are heavily dependent on the NTFP's for their subsistence,
livelihood; the management practices are traditional, the collection and
harvest methods are not sustainable, processing and value addition facilities
are generally non existent and a large share of benefits accrue to the
traders and middle-men who are mostly outsiders. The study suggests that
immediate financial, managerial and technological interventions are required
for ensuring sustainability of the NTFPs of the region.
Isolated hexactinellid and
monaxon sponge spicules with cyanobacterial filaments have been discovered
in the Gangolihat Dolomite. The microfossils described were recovered in
the thin sections of cherty dolomite and phyllite. Comparable sponge spicules
are reported so far from lower Vendian sediments; therefore an early Vendian
age can be suggested for the Gangolihat Dolomite. The main purpose of this
communication is to document the presence of sponge spicules and silica
bio-mineralization during the sedimentation of Gangolihat Dolomite in the
Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, India.
Seeds of two millet and
two pulse crops were germinated under the influence of top soil, rhizosphere
soil, soil mulched with dry leaves and green leaves leachate of O. dalbergioides
and also in the aqueous extracts of its green leaves, leaf litter and bark.
Presence of tree components in the germination medium substantially suppressed
the germinability of crop seeds but the magnitude of inhibition varied
with the crop as well as tree component. Overall, irrespective of the test
crops, rhizosphere soil and aqueous extract of green leaves caused considerable
reduction in germination. Not only the final percentage of germination
was reduced but the germination was delayed also.
Appreciating that topographical
maps embody a wealth of geomorphological and geographical information in
a capsule form, and acknowledging that the making of geological maps is
essential
for the assessment and management of natural resources, planning for development,
and hazard-coping endeavours, these maps should be freely available to
all scientific workers. There should be no restriction on the use and publication
of contour map; showing precise delineation of geomorphological-geological
boundaries, the locations of deposits or reserves of natural assets, the
sites of development activities, and the zones identified as prone to natural
hazards.
Survivorship of different
age groups, population flux, and age structure of Eupatorium odoratum
L. population have been studied permanent quadrats for two and half years
in a five year old fallow. The longevity of established populations increase
with age of individuals. The increasing influence of established plants
of E. odoratum and other associated species such as Imperate
cylindrica, adversely affected the survival of seedling population.
The results indicate that the population of E. odoratum begins to
decline after six years in a secondary successional community.
SGP provides grants to organisations for activities that address local
problems related to:
1. Land Management
2. Water Management
3. Biodiversity Conservation
In addition, good proposals in the areas of climate change and international
water are also considered.
SGP mainly supports activities that:
? Promote innovative local response in the themes specified.
? Build local capacity to implement sustainable development strategies.
? Demonstrate high replicability and scaling up potential.
? Create public awareness on environmental issues.
? Address livelihood and gender concerns.
The following types of organisations can submit proposals:
? Non-Governmental Organisatios (NGOs)
? Community Based Organisations (CBOs)
? People’s Organisation
? Universities
? Schools
? Local Co-operative Societies
Agencies which work at the community level to address local aspects
of the global environmental issues can submit proposals.
SGP provides a maximum funding of 15 lakhs over a time frame of two
years. Agencies interested in developing projects under SGP may contact
CEE at the following address:
Nehru Foundation for Development
Thaltej Tekra, Ahmedabad 380 054
E-mail: ceeindia@vsnl.com
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This page is a part
of
ENVIS Bulletin: Himalayan Ecology & Development, Volume 9, No.
1, 2001. In case you have any queries about the page, please contact: Scientist
Incharge - ENVIS at GBPIHED, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, India.